Dental implantation - a new step in dentistry

Modern dentistry is continuously evolving, and we are thrilled about it since a well-maintained smile always remains in style. In recent years, dental implants have become a significant advancement in the field of dental artistry.

There are several main types of dental implants:

1. Endosseous (Intrabony): This procedure is performed only when there is sufficient height of the alveolar ridge.
2. Endodontic-Endosseous: This type is used to restore damaged or mobile teeth, provided there is at least 3 mm of healthy periodontium around the tooth root.
3. Subperiosteal: Suitable for cases with insufficient height of the alveolar part of the jaw.
4. Submucosal: Used in cases of atrophy of the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw, such as developmental defects of the palate. This technique improves prosthesis fixation and provides interprosthetic stability.
5. Transosseous: Indicated for significant atrophy of the lower jaw and used for securing removable dental prostheses.

Implant materials fall into several categories:

1. Bioinert: Titanium, titanium nickelide, gold, corundum ceramic, zirconium, carbon glass.
2. Bioactive: Metal implants with coatings of tricalcium phosphate ceramic, hydroxyapatite, and other materials.
3. Biotolerant: Cobalt-chromium alloys, stainless steel.

Currently, biotolerant materials are rarely used in implantology because they form a thick fibrous capsule around the implant and do not ensure long-term success. Ceramic is an ideal material for dental implants, but titanium is the most optimal in terms of osseointegration. Endosseous implants can come in various forms: resembling natural teeth, cylindrical, screw-shaped, plate-like, with cortical overlays, stepped, or tubular.