Tooth implantation is a complex procedure for both the patient and the dentist. One of the key aspects of successful implantation is the use of atraumatic techniques. To ensure that the surgical wound heals without complications, it is essential to strictly adhere to aseptic protocols and minimize traumatic impact on the tissues of the oral cavity. Therefore, an atraumatic surgical technique involves a series of important steps, including the correct placement of the implant, careful closure of the wound, preparation of the bone bed, and the selection of the optimal access path. There are two main methods of implantation: the one-stage and the two-stage methods.
The one-stage method typically involves using a non-separable implant design, where the abutment head protrudes into the oral cavity.
The two-stage method involves placing an intrabony component first, after which a gingival cuff former is installed once healing has occurred. Subsequently, an abutment or another orthopedic component designed into the implant structure can be attached. This method is the most commonly used.
Sometimes, tooth implantation is complicated by unfavorable anatomical conditions, such as significant atrophy of edentulous jaw regions, defects in the bone tissue of the alveolar ridges, and other factors. To address these issues, the following approaches are used:
- Subperiosteal implantation;
- Implants (disk-shaped, transmandibular, subcortical) used when bone height is insufficient;
- Bone tissue regeneration methods;
- Bone grafting;
- Methods for circumventing anatomical obstacles.
